Tarek Carls

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Feeling Included in a Remote Working World: The Role of Leaders’ Virtual Collaboration Behaviors
(SAGE Publications, 2026-01-30)
Magdalena Schertler
;
Tarek Carls
;
Hartner-Tiefenthaler, Martina
;
Stephan Alexander Böhm
This study focuses on contextual factors influencing employee inclusion at work by examining how remote work shapes employees' experiences of inclusion and highlighting the role of leader behaviors. Given the unique challenges remote work presents for both employees and leaders, we investigate its potential side effects on employee inclusion. Building on sociometer theory, we argue that remote settings hinder the successful signaling of inclusionary cues, thereby introducing a barrier to perceived inclusion (i.e., belongingness and authenticity) for employees. Furthermore, we examine leaders' virtual collaboration behaviors as a potential lever for mitigating adverse effects. Employing correlated random effects models, we test our hypotheses with 500 employees of a large German company who participated in four online surveys over the course of nine months. Our results show effects of remote work on belongingness but not authenticity. We observed a negative within-person main effect between remote work intensity and belongingness. However, leaders’ virtual collaboration behaviors moderate this effect, and the negative relationship only persists when leaders display a low average level of such behaviors. These findings suggest that working more remotely is not necessarily associated with lower inclusion and that a separate examination of belongingness and authenticity is necessary to fully understand workplace inclusion. Our results have strong practical implications and highlight the importance of leaders in maintaining inclusion within teams, especially in remote work settings.
Type:journal article
Journal:Group & Organization Management
URL:https://doi.org/10.1177/10596011261420481
DOI:10.1177/10596011261420481
URI:https://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/handle/20.500.14171/125064
Scopus© Citations 2
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Stress Trajectories in Remote and Hybrid Workers After the Pandemic - A Diff-in-Diff Approach
(Academy of Management, 2025-07)
Tarek Carls
Type:journal article
Journal:Academy of Management Proceedings
Volume:2025
Issue:1
DOI:10.5465/AMPROC.2025.351bp
URI:https://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/handle/20.500.14171/124318
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Wie lässt sich mobile Arbeit gesund gestalten?
(2023)
Stephan Alexander Böhm
;
Louisa Antonia Blödorn
;
Sophie Schepp
;
Tarek Carls
Mobiles Arbeiten hat auch nach Ende der Covid-19-Pandemie einen hohen Stellenwert in vielen Unternehmen. Unklar ist jedoch, wie sich die neu erlangte Flexibilität auf das Wohlbefinden der Beschäftigten auswirkt und wie die Gesundheit am Arbeitsplatz aktiv gefördert werden kann. In zwei groß angelegten Langzeitstudien wurden hierzu Schlüsselfaktoren auf individueller, Team- und Organisationsebene untersucht.
Type:journal article
Journal:ASU Arbeitsmedizin Sozialmedizin Umweltmedizin
Volume:2024
Issue:01
URL:https://www.asu-arbeitsmedizin.com/praxis/mobile-arbeit-wie-laesst-sich-mobile-arbeit-gesund-gestalten
DOI:10.17147/asu-1-328894
URI:https://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/handle/20.500.14171/119276
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Mind the Gap: How Leader Overestimation Erodes Psychological Safety Climate Strength Over Time
(2025)
Tarek Carls
;
Mahshid Khademi
;
Louisa Riess
;
Nicola Glumann
;
Boehm, Stephan
Type:conference keynote
URI:https://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/handle/20.500.14171/124843

Tarek Carls

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