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    Algorithmic Facial Expression Analysis: A Novel Methodology to Advance Management Research on Emotions
    With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence technologies, algorithmic facial expression analysis (AFEA) has emerged as a promising methodology to measure emotions. Despite rapid adoption across management subfields, however, the full scope of AFEA’s theoretical potential remains underexplored. This paper provides a framework that links the AFEA measurement innovation to major opportunities for theoretical advancement around emotions in organizations. We start by describing the methodological basis of AFEA and reviewing its applications in management research to date. We then outline two core capabilities of AFEA—namely, capturing the temporal structure of emotions and detecting inauthentic expressions of emotions—and illustrate how these capabilities can enable theory advancement in management research. After presenting an empirical demonstration of AFEA’s capabilities and a practical step-by-step guide for using it, we conclude by discussing key considerations for realizing the future potential of AFEA research.
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    Does Self-Employment Increase Stress? A Co-Twin Control Analysis of Finnish and US Twins.
    (2026) ;
    Nicolaou, Nicos
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    Waters, James
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    Shepherd, Dean
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    Hashem, Nina
    Entrepreneurs enjoy autonomy and work on projects they are passionate about, which may improve their mental well-being and reduce stress. At the same time, they face several potential stressors, including long working hours. Empirical evidence on whether those who engage in self-employment experience greater stress than those who do not is mixed, which could reflect the failure to consider self-selection into entrepreneurial careers. In this paper, we re-examine the relationship between self-employment and stress, over and above the self-selection bias of individuals’ predispositions, using two separate studies of monozygotic twins. In the first study (monozygotic twins from Finland), stress is reported as a perceptual measure. In the second study (monozygotic twins from the United States), we measure cortisol as a physiological indicator of stress. In both studies, we show a positive association between self-employment and stress (both perceived and physiological) above and beyond the impact of genetic and rearing factors. We also show that long working hours mediate the relationship between self-employment and stress.
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    The Underbelly of Entrepreneurship: A Multilevel Perspective of Destructive Entrepreneurship
    (2025-02-01)
    Chase, Sarah
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    Shepherd, Dean
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    Destructive entrepreneurship is an important research topic because it challenges the frequent implicit assumption that all entrepreneurship is “good.” Recent scholarly interest has been directed toward destructive entrepreneurship from various perspectives, including economics, psychology, and business ethics. Indeed, while initial studies were at the level of an economic system (macro level), more recent studies have explored destructive entrepreneurship at the individual entrepreneur (micro) and organizational (meso) levels. This article offers a comprehensive review of the destructive entrepreneurship literature. We begin with a definition of destructive entrepreneurship, which sets the bounds to the notion of the construct, distinguishing it from seemingly similar constructs such as unproductive, illegal, unethical, and failed entrepreneurship. Next, we organize the fragmented studies into a multi-level model highlighting what we know about destructive entrepreneurship. The study also reveals potential holes in that framework to which future research can contribute. Such a research agenda can help build a more comprehensive multi-level understanding of destructive entrepreneurship.
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    Scopus© Citations 9
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    Changing ideological regimes: CEO succession with a shift in political ideology and new CEO early departure
    (Wiley, 2025-11-01) ; ;
    Cannella Jr Albert
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    Peng, Bo
    We examine the effects of CEO succession coupled with a change in political ideology – when a conservative CEO is replaced by a liberal CEO or vice versa. We argue that in such CEO transitions, the new CEOs must alter their predecessors’ ideological imprints to imbue strategic leadership with their own values, which increases their executive job demands in the critical early years of their tenure and raises the likelihood of their early departure. We also suggest that this relationship is moderated by two strategic leadership interface (SLI) factors that influence the executive job demands these new CEOs face: (a) the retention of the ideologically incongruent predecessor as board chair, and (b) the ideological fit between the new CEO and the incumbent executive team. We first test our framework using data from 2,286 CEO successions in S&P 1500 firms. We then conduct an experimental study to ensure causality and confirm executive job demands as a mediating mechanism underlying the relationship. Overall, our study advances the disruption theory of succession by shedding light on the deeply held mechanisms that lead to early failure in CEO transitions.
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    Scopus© Citations 12
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    Not what you expected to see? Obesity stereotypes, expectancy violations, and angel investment decisions
    This article investigates the impact of obesity stereotypes on angel investment decisions. Drawing from the stereotype literature and expectancy violation theory, we propose that angel investors tend to evaluate founders with obesity worse because they perceive them as high in warmth but low in competence (and competence matters more for angel investors’ evaluations). However, we also suggest that founders with obesity who violate low-competence stereotypes through high-competence displays can offset negative obesity stereotypes without affecting positive ones, leading to overall higher evaluations. The results from two field studies show that angel investors penalize founders with obesity but that the effect is ameliorated for those presenting high-tech ventures. A follow-up experiment using AI-generated, photorealistic manipulations of founders’ body types identifies perceived competence and warmth as mechanisms that explain the effects. Collectively, these findings contribute to the literature streams on appearance in entrepreneurial finance, stereotypes and their violations, and entrepreneurial research methods.
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    Scopus© Citations 8
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    Appearing Authentic: How Dress Formality Influences Perceived Authenticity in Investment Evaluations
    (2025)
    Wesemann Lekkas Henrik
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    Shepherd, Dean
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    This article explores the important but understudied topic of authenticity in investment evaluations. Building on research in authenticity and signaling theory, we theorize how visual first impressions, such as clothing, can generate perceptions of authenticity that lead investors to overlook later quality signals, including a lack of prior experience. We found support for our theory in two field studies and a randomized experiment: investors tend to perceive entrepreneurs who are casually dressed as more authentic than those formally dressed, which is associated with higher investor evaluations. Moreover, perceptions of authenticity generated by casual clothes crowd out later signals: Casually dressed entrepreneurs are evaluated highly regardless of their entrepreneurial experience, but formally dressed entrepreneurs are penalized for perceived inexperience. We discuss the implications of our findings for authenticity research, the temporal order of signals, and early-stage investments.
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    Scopus© Citations 2
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    Scopus© Citations 25
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    Closeness of the future: Influence of language future-time reference on individual behaviour
    (Elsevier, 2023)
    Di Pietro, Francesca
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    Masciarelli, Francesca
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    Prencipe, Andrea
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    Bureaucracy meets digital reality: The unfolding of urban platforms in European municipal governments
    The rise of digital technologies provides an opportunity to study smart cities as new organizational forms. We ask whether and how digital platforms and ecosystems affect the bureaucratic governance of municipal governments. To this end, we offer a multiple case analysis based on rich empirical, longitudinal data of seven European smart cities. We find that the contradicting logic of platform governance creates organisational tensions within the bureaucratic municipal government and at the interface between the municipal government and its external partners. We distil a process that describes how these tensions are resolved through a temporary shift to a non-bureaucratic work mode, and the subsequent formalisation and institutionalisation of those practices as new bureaucratic rules. We make three contributions. First, we contribute to the smart-city literature by outlining an overarching process of how data-driven technologies affect bureaucratic municipal governments. Second, we contribute to the ongoing conversation about the changing nature of Weberian bureaucracy showing how bureaucracy preserves its core while simultaneously adapting to and shaping its environment. Third, we highlight the role of lower-echelon bureaucrats as change agents who devise rules at the intersection of technological and societal development.
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    Scopus© Citations 29