Now showing 1 - 10 of 16
  • Publication
    Robotic‑assisted surgery for prostatectomy – does the diffusion of robotic systems contribute to treatment centralization and influence patients’ hospital choice?
    ( 2023-05-10) ; ;
    Cornelia Henschke
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    Christoph Pross
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    Background: Between 2008 and 2018, the share of robotic-assisted surgeries (RAS) for radical prostatectomies (RPEs) has increased from 3 to 46% in Germany. Firstly, we investigate if this diffusion of RAS has contributed to RPE treatment centralization. Secondly, we analyze if a hospital’s use of an RAS system influenced patients’ hospital choice. Methods: To analyze RPE treatment centralization, we use (bi-) annual hospital data from 2006 to 2018 for all German hospitals in a panel-data fixed effect model. For investigating RAS systems’ influence on patients’ hospital choice, we use patient level data of 4614 RPE patients treated in 2015. Employing a random utility choice model, we estimate the influence of RAS as well as specialization and quality on patients’ marginal utilities and their according willingness to travel. Results: Despite a slight decrease in RPEs between 2006 and 2018, hospitals that invested in an RAS system could increase their case volumes significantly (+ 82% compared to hospitals that did not invest) contributing to treatment centralization. Moreover, patients are willing to travel longer for hospitals offering RAS (+ 22% than average travel time) and for specialization (+ 13% for certified prostate cancer treatment centers, + 9% for higher procedure volume). The influence of outcome quality and service quality on patients’ hospital choice is insignificant or negligible. Conclusions: In conclusion, centralization is partly driven by (very) high-volume hospitals’ investment in RAS systems and patient preferences. While outcome quality might improve due to centralization and according specialization, evidence for a direct positive influence of RAS on RPE outcomes still is ambiguous. Patients have been voting with their feet, but research yet has to catch up.
  • Publication
    Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome Monitoring to Improve Quality of Life After Joint Replacement
    ( 2023-09)
    Viktoria Steinbeck
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    Benedikt Langenberger
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    Lukas Schöner
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    Laura Wittich
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    Wolfgang Klauser
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    Martin Mayer
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    ; ; ;
    Christoph Pross
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    Reinhard Busse
    Importance Although remote patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) monitoring has shown promising results in cancer care, there is a lack of research on PROM monitoring in orthopedics. Objective To determine whether PROM monitoring can improve health outcomes for patients with joint replacement compared with the standard of care. Design, Setting, and Participants A 2-group, patient-level randomized clinical trial (PROMoting Quality) across 9 German hospitals recruited patients aged 18 years or older with primary hip or knee replacement from October 1, 2019, to December 31, 2020, with follow-up until March 31, 2022. Interventions Intervention and control groups received the standard of care and PROMs at hospital admission, discharge, and 12 months after surgery. In addition, the intervention group received PROMs at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. Based on prespecified PROM score thresholds, at these times, an automated alert signaled critical recovery paths to hospital study nurses. On notification, study nurses contacted patients and referred them to their physicians if necessary. Main Outcomes and Measures The prespecified outcomes were the mean change in PROM scores (European Quality of Life 5-Dimension 5-Level version [EQ-5D-5L; range, −0.661 to 1.0, with higher values indicating higher levels of health-related quality of life (HRQOL)], European Quality of Life Visual Analogue Scale [EQ-VAS; range, 0-100, with higher values indicating higher levels of HRQOL], Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score–Physical Function Shortform [HOOS-PS; range, 0-100, with lower values indicating lower physical impairment] or Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score–Physical Function Shortform [KOOS-PS; range, 0-100, with lower values indicating lower physical impairment], Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System [PROMIS]–fatigue [range, 33.7-75.8, with lower values indicating lower levels of fatigue], and PROMIS-depression [range, 41-79.4, with lower values indicating lower levels of depression]) from baseline to 12 months after surgery. Analysis was on an intention-to-treat basis. Results The study included 3697 patients with hip replacement (mean [SD] age, 65.8 [10.6] years; 2065 women [55.9%]) and 3110 patients with knee replacement (mean [SD] age, 66.0 [9.2] years; 1669 women [53.7%]). Exploratory analyses showed significantly better health outcomes in the intervention group on all PROMs except the EQ-5D-5L among patients with hip replacement, with a 2.10-point increase on the EQ-VAS in the intervention group compared with the control group (HOOS-PS, −1.86 points; PROMIS-fatigue, −0.69 points; PROMIS-depression, −0.57 points). Patients in the intervention group with knee replacement had a 1.24-point increase on the EQ-VAS, as well as significantly better scores on the KOOS-PS (−0.99 points) and PROMIS-fatigue (−0.84 points) compared with the control group. Mixed-effect models showed a significant difference in improvement on the EQ-VAS (hip replacement: effect estimate [EE], 1.66 [95% CI, 0.58-2.74]; knee replacement: EE, 1.71 [95% CI, 0.53-2.90]) and PROMIS-fatigue (hip replacement: EE, −0.65 [95% CI, −1.12 to −0.18]; knee replacement: EE, −0.71 [95% CI, −1.23 to −0.20]). The PROMIS-depression score was significantly reduced in the hip replacement group (EE, −0.60 [95% CI, −1.01 to −0.18]). Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial, the PROM-based monitoring intervention led to a small improvement in HRQOL and fatigue among patients with hip or knee replacement, as well as in depression among patients with hip replacement. Trial registration Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien ID: DRKS00019916
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  • Publication
    Defining minimum volume thresholds to increase quality of care: a new patient-oriented approach using mixed integer programming
    (Springer, 2022-01-28) ;
    Barkhausen, Max
    ;
    Pross, Christoph M.
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    A positive relationship between treatment volume and outcome quality has been demonstrated in the literature and is thus evident for a variety of procedures. Consequently, policy makers have tried to translate this so-called volume–outcome rela-tionship into minimum volume regulation (MVR) to increase the quality of care—yet with limited success. Until today, the effect of strict MVR application remains unclear as outcome quality gains cannot be estimated adequately and restrictions to application such as patient travel time and utilization of remaining hospital capacity are not considered sufficiently. Accord-ingly, when defining MVR, its effectiveness cannot be assessed. Thus, we developed a mixed integer programming model to define minimum volume thresholds balancing utility in terms of outcome quality gain and feasibility in terms of restricted patient travel time and utilization of hospital capacity. We applied our model to the German hospital sector and to four surgical procedures. Results showed that effective MVR needs a minimum volume threshold of 125 treatments for cholecystectomy, of 45 and 25 treatments for colon and rectum resection, respectively, of 32 treatments for radical prostatectomy and of 60 treatments for total knee arthroplasty. Depending on procedure type and incidence as well as the procedure’s complication rate, outcome quality gain ranged between 287 (radical prostatectomy) and 977 (colon resection) avoidable complications (11.7% and 11.9% of all complications). Ultimately, policy makers can use our model to leverage MVR’s intended benefit: concentrating treatment delivery to improve the quality of care.
  • Publication
    The impact of quality on hospital choice. Which information affects patients’ behavior for colorectal resection or knee replacement?
    (Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2021-01-27) ; ;
    Quality competition among hospitals, induced by patients freely choosing their hospital in a price regulated market, can only be realized if quality differences between hospitals are transparent, understandable, and thus influence patients’ hospital choice. We use data from ~145,000 German patients and ~ 900 hospitals for colorectal resections and knee replacements to investigate whether patients value quality and specialization when choosing their hospital. Using a random utility choice model, we estimate patients’ marginal utilities, willingness to travel and change in hospital demand for quality improvements. Patients respond to service quality and specialization and thus, quality competition seems to be present. Colorectal resection patients are willing to travel longer for more specialized hospitals (+9% for procedure volume, +9% for certification). Knee replacement patients travel longer for hospitals with better service quality (+6%) and higher procedure volume (+12%). However, clinical quality indicators, often difficult to access and interpret, barely play a role in patients’ hospital choice. Furthermore, we find that competition on quality for colorectal resection is rather local, whereas for knee replacement we observe regional competition patterns.
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  • Publication
    Spitalplanung in der Schweiz: Impulse für die deutsche Krankenhausreform
    In Deutschland wird aktuell eine Krankenhausreform diskutiert, die insbesondere den Planungsmechanismus mithilfe von Leistungsgruppen (LG) grundlegend ändern soll. Da die Schweiz bereits im Jahr 2012 einen derartigen Mechanismus erfolgreich eingeführt hat, können hiervon einige Impulse abgeleitet werden. Der Beitrag widmet sich einerseits den zentralen Elementen der Spitalplanung (insb. den Qualitätsvorgaben) und Fragen der Leistungsdifferenzierung auf Grundlage der Spitalplanungs-Leistungsgruppen (SPLG). Methodisch wurden hierfür die Schweizer Krankenhausfälle der Akutsomatik aus dem Jahr 2018/2019 sowie die Kenndaten Akutsomatik und die Spitalliste des Kantons Zürich analysiert. Diese Fälle wurden algorithmisch (via ICD-/CHOP Codes) den einzelnen LG zugeordnet. Zudem wurden die Leistungsdifferenzierung der Krankenhäuser sowie der Ressourceneinsatz auf Spital- und Leistungsgruppenebene im Kanton Zürich analysiert. Es zeigt sich, dass schweizweit 60 % der Fälle spezifischen LG zugeordnet werden und die restlichen 40 % auf die LG Basispaket (BP) entfallen. Der Vergleich zwischen dem ländlichen Kanton Graubünden (49 % BP) und dem urbanen Kanton Zürich (33 % BP) zeigt eine Zentralisierung von komplexen und spezialisierteren Leistungen. Die Analyse der Leistungsaufträge und Fallzahlen im Kanton Zürich zeigt, dass die Anzahl der Leistungsaufträge mit zunehmender Komplexität sinkt und eine Spezialisierung der Spitäler zu erkennen ist. Die Betrachtung des Ressourceneinsatzes auf Spitalebene zeigt teilweise eine große Streuung (> 2 Case-Mix-Punkte) für basale und auch spezifische LG. Insgesamt lässt sich ableiten, dass Krankenhausplanung und -finanzierung gemeinsam gedacht werden sollten. In der Schweiz tragen die Kantone 55 % der Kosten eines jeden Krankenhausfalls, was zu einem hohen Interesse an bedarfsorientierten und wirtschaftlichen Krankenhausstrukturen seitens der Kantone führt. Auch sollte die Vereinbarkeit von LG und DRGs kritisch betrachtet werden, da innerhalb einer LG eine große Variation der Kostengewichte zwischen den Krankenhäusern zu beobachten ist. Wichtig ist auch, dass der Aufbau und die Entwicklung der LG vollständig auf Diagnose- und Prozedurencodes basiert. Bezüglich der Leistungsdifferenzierung sollte das NRW-Modell in Leistungsbereichen mit unzureichender Differenzierung um weitere LG erweitert werden.
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  • Publication
    Paradigmenwechsel in der Krankenhausplanung – hin zu Leistungs-, Bedarfs- und Qualitätsorientierung für einen höheren Patientennutzen
    (Springer-Verlag GmbH, 2020) ;
    Letzgus, Philipp
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    Klauber, Jürgen
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    Geraedts, Max
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    Friedrich, Jörg
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    Wasem, Jürgen
    ;
    Beivers, Andreas
    In Germany, hospital capacity planning goals are well defined. Hospital capacity planning must be demand driven and is to secure high quality care for patients treated in economically efficient hospitals. The traditional planning method that is currently used in all states in Germany can no longer meet these requirements. This planning method employs medical areas of expertise for the distinction of treatments, it uses an undifferentiated application of the Hill-Burton Formula to forecast future demand and only selectively applies quality requirements for the allocation of licenses for inpatient care. In this article, we develop a new planning method that is based on a detailed system of treatment areas structured in a medically meaningful hierarchy (treatment orientation). This system is used to assess the current care situation and to conduct a sophisticated forecast of future demand with quantitative consideration of relevant influence factors (demand orientation). Finally, a method to develop qual-ity requirements per treatment area is presented (quality orientation). The article concludes with the drafting of a planning process for this new treatment, demand and quality oriented hospital capacity planning method.