Now showing 1 - 10 of 17
  • Publication
    Distributed ledger technology in supply chains: a transaction cost perspective
    (Taylor & Francis, 2020) ;
    Sternberg, Henrik
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    Hofmann, Erik
    With the emergence of distributed ledger technology (DLT), numerous practitioners and researchers have proclaimed its beneficial impact on supply chain transactions in the future. However, the vast majority of DLT initiatives are discontinued after a short period. With the full potential of DLT laying far down the road, especially managers in supply chain management (SCM) seek for short-term cost-saving effects of DLT in order to achieve long-term benefits of DLT in the future. However, the extant research has bypassed grounding long-term as well as short-term effects of DLT on supply chain transaction with empirical data. We address this shortcoming, following an abductive research approach and combining empirical data from a multiple case study design with the corresponding literature. Our study reveals that the effects of DLT on supply chain transactions are two-sided. We found six effects of DLT solutions that have a cost-reducing or cost avoidance impact on supply chain transactions. In addition, we found two effects that change the power distribution between buyers and suppliers in transactions and a single effect that reduces the dependency of supply chain transactions on third parties. While cost-reducing and avoidance as well as dependency-reducing effects are positive effects, the change in power distribution might come with disadvantages. With these findings, the paper provides the first empirical evidence of the impact of DLT on supply chain transactions, which will enable managers to improve their assessment of DLT usage in supply chains.
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    Scopus© Citations 116
  • Publication
    The Foundation of Distributed Ledger Technology for Supply Chain Management
    ( 2020-01-09)
    Distributed ledger technology (DLT) appears to be one of the most promising technologies in the field of supply chain management (SCM). However, as the technology is still evolving, only limited empirical evidence has been analyzed, managers and scientific scholars alike seek to understand how DLT can help improving SCM. This study aims to shed light into the current DLT applications in SCM to identify the foundation of the technology for SCM and uncover what DLT brings to the table. It develops seven foundational characteristics of DLT in SCM that describe both the nature of DLT and its characteristics for SCM. The study reveals that DLTs are interorganizational information systems that are diverse in their realizations and enable modular platform ecosystems. Nowadays application in SCM build on steady data availability, selective transparency, high authenticity and a source of mutual trust.
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  • Publication
    Determinants of transparency in supply chains: A frame to assess the influence of digital technologies on transparency
    ( 2020-04-08) ;
    Hofmann, Erik
    ;
    Rogers, Dale S
    While nowadays’ need to enhance transparency in supply chains (TSC) seems undisputable, supply chain management (SCM) scholars and practitioners struggle to identify the determinants to enhance TSC. This contribution aims to address this need by applying a multiple case study design with 24 awarded or industry-wide good practice solutions. The study reveals 29 determinants of TSC which can be used for future studies on TSC. In addition, the study elaborates information processing theory (IPT) against the backdrop of inter-organizational contexts.
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  • Publication
    Enhancing Transparency in the Supply Chain: An Information Processing Perspective
    (Academy of Management, 2020-08-11) ;
    Hofmann, Erik
    ;
    Rogers, Dale S.
    While nowadays’ need to enhance transparency in supply chains (TSC) seems undisputable, supply chain management (SCM) scholars and practitioners lack an operationalization of the phenomenon and a clear understanding of how to enhance TSC. This study aims to address this need by applying a multiple case study design with 24 awarded or industry-wide good practice solutions to disclose how focal companies can enhance TSC. Drawing on information processing theory (IPT), this study contributes to the understanding of the phenomenon by placing TSC in context and identifying 29 TSC determinants that have to be attained in order to enhance TSC. The study reveals that although the targeted effect of enhanced TSC is mainly beneficial for the focal company, it requires all relevant supply chain partners to enhance TSC. By presenting the TSC determinants that are required on an intra-firm and inter-organizational level to enhance TSC, we elaborate IPT in the context of TSC.
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  • Publication
    Distributed ledger technology in supply chains An information processing view
    ( 2019-06) ;
    Hofmann, Erik
    ;
    Graf, Remy
    Purpose Lately, supply chain practitioners and academics have shown increasing interest in supply chain transparency (SCT). And, at the same time, both parties turned their attention to distributed ledger technology (DLT) and its potential for supply chain management (SCM) and in particular SCT. However, little is known why organizations seek to enhance SCT with DLT solutions and what capabilities are required for these solutions. Consequently, research and practice lacks an indication how organizations can build up these capabilities. This paper seeks to address these gaps. Design/methodology/approach In order to explore the drivers to use DLT solutions to enhance SCT, to identify the required capabilities and to answer how organization can build up these capabilities, the authors follow an inductive multiple case study approach. The authors selected five cases in the diamond industry, as these are the pioneers to implement DLT to enhance SCT. Findings Drawing on information processing theory (IPT), the cases demonstrate that organizations seek to process information across company boundaries via DLT due to a lack of transparency in the industry. In order to adopt and integrate DLT-enhanced SCT solutions, organizations have to build up organizational and interorganizational capabilities. Both types of capabilities require organizational and collaborative effort. Research limitations/implications The study reveals that organizations have to overcome challenges of information processing capabilities (IPC) not only on an organizational level but also on an interorganizational level. Practical implications The study underlines the importance of collaborative effort when seeking to enhance SCT via DLT solutions. Original/value This is one of the first studies to explore DLT-enhanced SCT solutions based on empirical data and identify the required capabilities for successful adoption and integration in SCM.
  • Publication
    Theorizing distributed ledger technology - A supply chain management perspective
    (NOFOMA, 2018-06) ;
    Hofmann, Erik
    Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a business theoretical foundation for distributed ledger technology (DLT) in supply chain management. This consists of describing the theoretical impact of DLT on transaction cost economics, agency theory and network theory from a SCM perspective. Design/methodology/approach We conduct five explorative case studies of five different DLT-based solutions that are implemented in current supply chains. The authors interrogate DLT providers as well as users. Based on the empirical data, the authors derive the impact on three major theories in the field of supply chain management. Findings The paper reveals the theoretical impact of DLT on the above-mentioned theories in the field of SCM. DLT-based solutions reduce the transaction costs and provides new options to coordinate market solutions better than implied before. Furthermore, in contrast to existing implications of network theory, DLT benefits from the size of the network as they reduce the chances for opportunistic behavior and provide more transparency. Research limitations/implications The paper is based on findings of early stage applications of DLT in supply chain management. Thus, theoretical impacts are expected to be added at an advanced stage. However, at this point of time the article builds a theoretical foundation for future research on DLT. Practical implications The identification of theoretical impacts helps to understand the practical value of DLT in supply chain management. Original/value This is one of the first papers to add a theoretical foundation to DLT research in supply chain management that is dominated by application-oriented contributions.
  • Publication
    Management von Supply Chains
    (Schäffer-Poeschel, 2021-08) ;
    Hofmann, Erik
    ;
  • Publication
    Analyzing the Potential of DLT-based Applications in Smart Factories
    (Springer International Publishing, 2020) ;
    Schöneseiffen, Felix
    ;
    Greger, Michael
    ;
    Hofmann, Erik
    While companies struggle to implement Smart Factory initiatives, the emergence of decentralized Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) promises to support Smart Factories. However, little is known about the extent to which DLT can support Smart Factory initiatives. Thus, this paper examines whether DLT is a useful addition to the Smart Factory concept in the context of Industry 4.0. The focus of the research lies on practical challenges that manufacturing companies are confronted with when creating Smart Factories and integrating them into their value chain. These challenges were worked out with the help of literature review and interviews, which were conducted with employees of one of the most renowned industrial automation and digitization companies (undisclosed for confidentiality). Based on this, two DLT concepts were developed and discussed with the experts regarding their respective opportunities, risks, and feasibility. The DLT-based Audit Trail is intended to solve the challenge of creating a detailed, consistent and traceable overview of production processes, while the Crypto-based Agent Logic solves the challenge of setting priorities for orders in a fully automated production process. The results show that DLT integration in the context of the Smart Factory concept is to be regarded as useful and should be driven forward by further research. Keywords distributed ledger technology; supply chain; manufacturing; smart factory; use cases; blockchain.