Now showing 1 - 10 of 127
  • Publication
    Work-family conflict and strain: Revisiting theory, direction of causality, and longitudinal dynamism
    Does work-family conflict (WFC) cause psychological strain or vice versa? How long do these effects take to unfold? What is the role of persistent WFC (or strain) levels in these processes? Prior research has left some of these questions open: Our systematic review reveals that WFC-strain studies have primarily used short (e.g., hours) or long (e.g., years) measurement lags, leaving mid-long lags underexplored. Moreover, while many work-family theories imply long-term effects, prior longitudinal research has often relied on cross-lagged panel models that assume effects to be solely within-person, not considering persistent between-person differences. We tested this assumption in five three-wave survey studies (N = 26,133) with varying lags (1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 6 months, 1 year) and found it to fail in all cases. Employing the random intercept crossed-lagged panel, a new approach in WFC research, our results indicate that the effects between WFC and strain (exhaustion, perceived stress, and affective rumination) depend primarily on longer-term WFC (or strain) levels. In contrast, short-term deviations from these levels (within-person effects) play a minor role. These findings suggest that the effects between WFC and strain may be more persistent than previously assumed, opening avenues for further theoretical and empirical development.
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  • Publication
    How Two Megatrends Affect Each Other: Studying the Interplay of Remote Work and Workplace Inclusion with a Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model
    (Academy of Management, 2023) ;
    Nicola V. Glumann
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    Two megatrends characterize the modern working world. First, remote work has become the “new normal” for many employees. Second, the increasing heterogeneity of the workforce has made a case for inclusion, i.e., belongingness and the opportunity for authenticity, that employees must perceive to reap the benefits of diversity. However, it is unclear whether the relationship between remote work and inclusion is positive or negative and if these two factors cause a unidirectional or reciprocal impact on each other. Furthermore, it is unresolved whether diversity dimensions, such as gender, have a moderating impact on the relationship. To address these questions, we collect a large-scale longitudinal dataset (N = 2,380) and use an advanced methodology (random intercept cross-lagged panel model) to separate the between-person from the within-person variances, thereby allowing for causal conclusions from the within-person effect. Our results show opposing effects at the between-person and within-person levels: although the employees who worked remotely more experienced more opportunity for authenticity and belongingness in general (between-person variance), an increase in remote work led to lower belongingness and authenticity within a single employee (within-person variance). A gender effect was observed for the opportunity for authenticity, with only negative within-person effects being shown for women.
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    Accommodation, Interpersonal Justice, and the Turnover Intentions of Employees with Disabilities
    (Taylor & Francis Group, 2023)
    Samosh, Daniel
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    Maerz, Addison
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    Spitzmuller, Matthias
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    The number of employees with disabilities in the workforce is increasing and accommodations are essential to the work of many of these individuals. Prior research has explored perceptions of accommodation requests as well as coworkers’ and managers’ reactions to accommodations; yet, we know little about how employees with disabilities experience their own accommodations. We draw from the disability literature as well as contemporary justice and social exchange theory to develop and subsequently test a multilevel moderated mediation model on this subject. We test our hypotheses with data from 4,083 employees nested in 256 workgroups across two time points. We find support for our prediction that accommodation-focused interpersonal justice influences turnover intentions. The effect of these justice perceptions was mediated by workgroup openness to communication. Further, we find that representation of accommodated employees with disabilities at the workgroup level plays an important role in these relationships. We look beyond the technical aspects of accommodation with this research to highlight the social experience of accommodation as a cen tral driver of employee perceptions and work outcomes.
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  • Publication
    The role of human resource practices for including persons with disabilities in the workforce: a systematic literature review
    ( 2022)
    Aileen Schloemer-Jarvis
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    Benjamin Bader
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    Organizations are increasingly aware that a better vocational inclusion of persons with disabilities (PWD) is in their self-interest for reasons such as a shortage of skilled labor, an increasing prevalence of disability in their aging workforces, and changed societal attitudes and laws regarding the promotion of diversity and equity in the workplace. Human resource (HR) practices have been identified as a primary enabler of inclusion, yet research on disability-related HR Management is scattered across disciplines. To provide an evidence-based analysis and integration, this article systematically reviews the literature on HR management in the context of employing persons with disabilities, using the high-performance work practices ‘selection and staffing’, ‘training and development’, ‘(performance) appraisal, promotion, and career management’ and ‘compensation and benefits’ as an organizing framework. We systematically reviewed and summarized the key findings of 74 empirical studies conducted from 1990 through 2020. Most studies focused on selection and staffing practices, providing strong evidence that standardization and structure reduce bias in the appraisal of PWD and related employment decisions. Research regarding appropriate HR practices that allow to utilize, develop and reward PWDs’ potential, in contrast, is still in its infancy.
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    Scopus© Citations 18
  • Publication
    No such thing as a free ride: The impact of disability labels on relationship building at work
    Do disability legislations that are meant to be beneficial for the employment situation of persons with disabilities have nevertheless unintended negative consequences? To provide key resources such as the right to workplace accommodation, governmental agencies first need to identify eligible persons and label them accordingly. However, this label may, in turn, induce public and self stigma that entails negative consequences for labeled individuals. We address this puzzle using a quasi-experimental study design: sharp regression discontinuity design. Specifically, we examine whether individuals officially labeled as “severely disabled” perceive fewer opportunities for relationship building at work than their counterparts with a similarly severe, yet unlabeled, disability condition. We use data from 845 employees with disabilities, which were drawn from a representative German workforce data set. As expected, labeling leads to perceptions of fewer opportunities for relationship building. We find this effect to be independent from supervisor knowledge of subordinate disability, type of disability, and one’s visibility of disability. These robustness checks strengthen the argument that the labeling effect might be driven primarily by self stigma rather than public stigma. Implications for organizations and public authorities are discussed.
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    Scopus© Citations 12
  • Publication
    Age-Related Human Resource Management Policies and Practices: Antecedents, Outcomes, and Conceptualizations
    ( 2021) ;
    Heike Schröder
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    Matthijs Bal
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    Mo Wang
    Due to the demographic change in age, societies, firms, and individuals struggle with the need to postpone retirement while keeping up motivation, performance, and health throughout employees’ working life. Organizations, and specifically the Human Resource Management (HRM) practices they design and implement, take a central role in this process. Being influenced by macro-level trends such as new legislation, organizational HRM practices affect outcomes such as productivity and employability both at the firm and individual level of analysis. This editorial introduces the Special Issue on “Age-related Human Resource Management Policies and Practices” by conducting an interdisciplinary literature review. We offer an organizing framework that spans the macro-, meso-, and individual level and discusses major antecedents, boundary conditions, and outcomes of age-related HRM practices. Further, we propose a typology of HRM practices and discuss the role of individual HRM dimensions versus bundles of HRM practices in dealing with an aging and more age-diverse workforce. Building on these considerations, we introduce the eight articles included in this special issue. Finally, taking stock of our review and the new studies presented here, we deduct some recommendations for future research in the field of age-related HRM.
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    Scopus© Citations 25
  • Publication
    Am I outdated? The role of strengths use support and friendship opportunities for coping with technological insecurity
    In the digital era, the prevalent integration of new technologies in work processes gives rise to employees’ perceptions of technological insecurity. Such technology-induced strain poses new challenges to occupational health and safety and needs to be better understood in order to be prevented. Based on Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, we investigate to which extent the negative effect of technological insecurity on perceived health depends upon the availability of non-technology-related resources in the workplace. Specifically, we argue that employees who experience two key organizational resources, i.e. organizational support for strengths use and friendship opportunities, are better suited to cope with these modern forms of strain. We hypothesize that those resources reinforce each other in such way that employees’ coping capabilities rise and health issues decrease. For hypothesis testing, time-lagged hierarchical moderated regression analysis is conducted. The study sample consists of 8019 German employees. Results support our assumption that accumulating resources create an intensified buffering effect, which surpasses the additive buffering effects of individual resources. Under the condition of high support for strengths use and high friendship opportunities, technological insecurity does no longer show a negative relationship with employees’ time-lagged health. By using post-stratification weights, these results apply to 33.3 million employees in Germany having access to Information and Communication Technologies.
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    Scopus© Citations 23
  • Publication
    How Do I-Deals Influence Client Satisfaction? The Role of Exhaustion, Collective Commitment, and Age Diversity
    (Sage Publ., 2019-05-26)
    Bal, P. Matthijs
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    This paper introduces a multilevel perspective on the relationships of idiosyncratic deals (i-deals) with organizational outcomes (i.e., client satisfaction) and investigates how and under which conditions these relationships manifest. On the basis of contagion theory, we proposed that the positive effects of i-deals will spill over within organizational units (indicated by reduced emotional exhaustion and enhanced collective commitment), which leads to increased customer satisfaction. Moreover, we postulated that the effects of i-deals would be more prominent in units with high age diversity, as i-deals are more important in units where people’s work-related needs are more heterogeneous due to the higher diversity in employee age. A study among 19,780 employees and 17,500 clients of a German public service organization showed support for the contagion model and that i-deals were negatively related to individual emotional exhaustion and subsequently positively related to collective commitment within units and Client satisfaction measured 6 months later. Emotional exhaustion and collective commitment mediated the relationships between i-deals and client satisfaction. Finally, we found that the relationships between i-deals and emotional exhaustion / client satisfaction were more strongly negative in units with high age diversity, rather than in units with low age diversity, indicating the benefits of i-deals within units with high age diversity to reduce emotional exhaustion and enhance client satisfaction.
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    Scopus© Citations 50