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    Contesting Individualization and Individualism in Marriage in East Asia: Dual-income Couples' Monetary Practices
    (2024-11)
    This study uncovers Taiwanese dual-earner couples' monetary practices and explores how the marriage institution is conceived of in the context of East Asian familism and the sweeping trend of individualism. Ample cross-national research has investigated household finances and money management among couples over time, yielding mostly Western-oriented insights. It is nevertheless matched with little evidence from East Asian societies that share similar trends of individualization. Drawing from interviews with 22 couples and 3 married individuals (N = 47) in Taiwan, who are at least university-educated, middle-class, and on average in their mid-30s, this paper analyzes couples' monetary practices from a relationship constellation perspective that factors in resources from intergenerational transfer, as well as individual spouses' interpretation of their practices. Individualized management was found to be exceedingly prevalent among Taiwanese couples, unlike couples elsewhere that predominantly adopt pooling. Institutionalized individualization, on the one hand, posed higher hurdles for joint management and pooling. On the other, most interviewees showed an individualistic orientation in their practices, which can be seen as a strategy to anticipate and manage risks—marriage dissolution among others—in a highly uncertain world. Embedding monetary practices in the ‘individualization without individualism’ debate, this study unveils how the traditional marriage institution is implicitly challenged by not only increasing institutionalized individualization but also an ideational shift towards individualism, often assumed to not have taken root in East Asia. The empirical evidence from Taiwan sheds new light on both resource management in marriage and on how intimate relationships are constrained by institutional and socio-cultural contexts.
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    Media Discrepancies among New Immigrant Children: Corpus-Based Frame Analysis 新住民子女的媒體差異呈現:語料庫與框架分析
    (Angle Publishing Co., Ltd., 2024-09) ;
    Pei-Chia Lan
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    Germany’s Integration Politics in Practice: Lived Realities of Chinese-speaking Skilled Female Family Migrants
    Germany imposes integration-oriented regulations before and after entry on thirdcountry family migrants. However, little attention has been paid to how integration actually unfolds for the subjects of these regulations, usually women, who are situated in the private sphere of the family. This article examines how the concept of integration, a state-anticipated and state-stipulated goal, is connected to the early adaptation of skilled female family migrants who are married to German husbands. Based on participant observation and semi-structured interviews with 21 Chinesespeaking women across Germany, I focus on how these women mobilize resources to overcome 'hurdles' of entry requirements, how they define and interpret their tasks and obligation of integration upon arrival, and how the dynamics of their intercultural marriage affect their integration. Viewing these female spousal migrants as subjects in an integration-oriented family migration regime that legitimates intensive integration also in the private sphere, this article highlights these women's 'wife' and 'migrant' roles in the family. Specifically, through interactions with their significant others and extended family members, role-related expectations are transferred. The results show that female spouses are consequently exposed to an alternative ideal of integration that is tied to their domestic role. This homebound notion of integration differs from the social integration envisioned and coveted by the German government. This research broadly unveils how these skilled female family migrants' early acculturation can be seen as a rivalry between preestablished self-conceptions and new circumstances in the host society.
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    “Culture as Boundaries”: A Framework of Approaching and Cultivating Intercultural Competence
    (2025-07)
    Scholars in organizational studies and international management, as well as institutional theorists, have long recognized the role of culture in established structures and interactive settings. The implications of cultural competence or sensitivity—particularly its assessment and efficacy— in workplace adaptation, employee performance, and management decision-making have also been extensively investigated. There, however, appears to be a latent misalignment in how subfields in management studies conceptualize culture. Whereas organizational scholars pay more attention to culture’s dynamism and various forms, researchers in international management are prone to focus on culture at the national level. Such a discrepancy forestalls an all-embracing definition of and a consistent approach towards intercultural competence, without which its targeted cultivation through management education is unattainable. Oriented to illuminate intercultural competence and its transfer better, this article proposes using the “culture as boundaries” framework to understand intercultural competence. Drawing from cultural sociology, I underscore how culture emerges and is reified and altered through interactions. In turn, to reflect this interactive nature of culture, intercultural competence should be understood as capabilities with a dynamic dimension—rather than a set of knowledge about specific cultures—to detect cultures as boundaries and navigate any cross-cultural settings. This framework on the one hand recognizes culture’s dual properties, namely as an enabling factor and a barrier. On the other hand, it moves beyond this binary conceptualization and provides a broader foundation to discern, compare, and appreciate culture, the key to how intercultural competence can be cultivated as a transferable skill.
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    How Does Marriage Inform Intergenerational Ties? Reconceiving Relationships through Financial Allocations
    (2025-07)
    Economic activities are indicative of the social relations we maintain with one another (Bandelj 2020; Zelizer 2012), including intimate relationships. The monetary practices, resource allocation, and financial transfers hence could reflect and embody how we conceive and calibrate marital and intergenerational ties. Literature on monetary practices primarily focuses on how social class, relative resources, gender attitudes, and macro-level institutional factors affect the management system couples adopt. Research on intergenerational transfer investigates its nature, motivation, and content often in the context of wealth and privilege reproduction. Yet, few studies have examined how economic activities in marriage and parent-child dyads reciprocally inform these two sets of relationships, both in terms of their respective boundaries and meanings. Drawing on interviews with middle-class and educated Taiwanese couples (22 couples, 3 married individuals) who are in their mid-thirties, I have found relational work that foregrounds economic activities to be a learned skill among spouses that are situated in these two distinctive relationships. Through constant referencing and differentiation, married couples when managing their finances are also prompted to revisit and reassess their emotional and financial ties with their parents. These reciprocal evaluations—gauging parental ties based on couple-dyadic transactions—have led to an assertive demarcation between blood/biological ties and conjugal unions for couples in their early family formation. This paper contributes to our understanding of the relationship between marriage and intergenerational ties from a financial perspective. It also underscores how the conceptualization of marital relationships in developed East Asia has shown individualistic tendencies while accounting for their potential dissolution.
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    The Marriage We Each Contribute to: Dual-income Couples' Monetary Practices in Taiwan
    (2024-08-12)
    This study uncovers Taiwanese dual-earner couples’ monetary practices and explores how the marriage institution is conceived of in the context of East Asian familism and the sweeping trend of individualism. Ample cross-national research has investigated household finances and money management among couples over time, yielding mostly Western-oriented insights. It is nevertheless matched with little evidence from increasingly individualized East Asian societies. Drawing from interviews with 22 couples and 3 married individuals (N=47) in Taiwan, who are at least university-educated, middle-class, and on average in their mid-30s, this paper analyzes couples’ monetary practices while taking their relationship constellation into account. Individualized management was found to be exceedingly prevalent among Taiwanese couples, unlike couples elsewhere that predominantly adopt pooling. Institutionalized individualization on the one hand posed higher hurdles for joint management and pooling. On the other hand, most interviewees were individualistically oriented in their practices, which can be seen as a strategy to anticipate and manage risks—marriage dissolution among others—in a highly uncertain world. Through the lens of monetary practices, this study unveils how the traditional marriage institution is implicitly challenged by not only increasing institutionalized individualization, but also individualism that is often assumed to not have taken root in East Asia. The empirical evidence from Taiwan sheds a new light on both resource management in marriage and on how intimate relationships are constrained by institutional and socio-cultural contexts.
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    (Un)doing masculinity? Men working in women's occupations
    (Routledge, 2023) ; ;
    Jeff Hearn
    ;
    Anneliis Aavik
    ;
    David Collinson
    The text examines the underexplored topic of men working in traditionally female-dominated occupations, such as healthcare and teaching. It discusses research spanning 30 years, revealing that men in these roles often face 'identity dissonance,' feeling pressure to perform as men and professionals.
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    (Un)doing masculinity? Men working in women's occupations
    Research on men working in female-dominated occupations has been on the rise in the past three decades. While previous research has often identified the privileges men enjoy in such token positions, the challenges they face and their strategies of identity management in fact differ according to the type of work and organizational setting of their occupation. This chapter provides an overview of this research with a focus away from Western societies. We pinpoint that across studies, men engage in “boundary work” that reaffirms their masculinity or devise “alternative masculinities” to reconcile any dissonance between their personal and professional identities. Furthermore, studies also suggest that men are fully aware of the “patriarchal dividend” they receive. We also highlight that the intersectionality of race, class and sexualities subjects men in precarious jobs or performing bodywork (e.g. sex work, factory work) to discrimination and disadvantages. Most importantly, regardless of their privileged or marginalized position, men doing women’s work are likely to perpetuate hegemonic masculinity in its existing form. Hence, although men working in female-dominated occupations sometimes do engage in alternative masculinities, more often they are reinforcing the script of hegemonic masculinity.
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    Scopus© Citations 1
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