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    Perceptions of science, science communication, and climate change attitudes in 68 countries – the TISP dataset
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-01-20)
    Niels G. Mede
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    Viktoria Cologna
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    Sebastian Berger
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    John Besley
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    Cameron Brick
    Science is integral to society because it can inform individual, government, corporate, and civil society decision-making on issues such as public health, new technologies or climate change. Yet, public distrust and populist sentiment challenge the relationship between science and society. To help researchers analyse the science-society nexus across different geographical and cultural contexts, we undertook a cross-sectional population survey resulting in a dataset of 71,922 participants in 68 countries. The data were collected between November 2022 and August 2023 as part of the global Many Labs study “Trust in Science and Science-Related Populism” (TISP). The questionnaire contained comprehensive measures for individuals’ trust in scientists, science-related populist attitudes, perceptions of the role of science in society, science media use and communication behaviour, attitudes to climate change and support for environmental policies, personality traits, political and religious views and demographic characteristics. Here, we describe the dataset, survey materials and psychometric properties of key variables. We encourage researchers to use this unique dataset for global comparative analyses on public perceptions of science and its role in society and policy-making.
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    Scopus© Citations 19
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    Trust in scientists and their role in society across 68 countries
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-01-20)
    Viktoria Cologna
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    Niels G. Mede
    ;
    Sebastian Berger
    ;
    John Besley
    ;
    Cameron Brick
    Science is crucial for evidence-based decision-making. Public trust in scientists can help decision makers act on the basis of the best available evidence, especially during crises. However, in recent years the epistemic authority of science has been challenged, causing concerns about low public trust in scientists. We interrogated these concerns with a preregistered 68-country survey of 71,922 respondents and found that in most countries, most people trust scientists and agree that scientists should engage more in society and policymaking. We found variations between and within countries, which we explain with individual- and country-level variables, including political orientation. While there is no widespread lack of trust in scientists, we cannot discount the concern that lack of trust in scientists by even a small minority may affect considerations of scientific evidence in policymaking. These findings have implications for scientists and policymakers seeking to maintain and increase trust in scientists.
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    Scopus© Citations 257
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    Extreme weather event attribution predicts climate policy support across the world
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-07-01)
    Viktoria Cologna
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    Simona Meiler
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    Chahan M. Kropf
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    Samuel Lüthi
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    Niels G. Mede
    Extreme weather events are becoming more frequent and intense due to climate change. Yet, little is known about the relationship between exposure to extreme events, subjective attribution of these events to climate change, and climate policy support, especially in the Global South. Combining large-scale natural and social science data from 68 countries (N = 71,922), we develop a measure of exposed population to extreme weather events and investigate whether exposure to extreme weather and subjective attribution of extreme weather to climate change predict climate policy support. We find that most people support climate policies and link extreme weather events to climate change. Subjective attribution of extreme weather was positively associated with policy support for five widely discussed climate policies. However, exposure to most types of extreme weather event did not predict policy support. Overall, these results suggest that subjective attribution could facilitate climate policy support.
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    Scopus© Citations 48
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    How scientists' collective climate advocacy affects public trust in scientists and voting behavior
    (IOP Publishing, 2024-12-20)
    Beresford, Melissa
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    Adams, Ellis
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    Cologna, Viktoria
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    Freundt, Jana
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    Mede, Niels
    View the article online for updates and enhancements. You may also like Precipitation extremes projected to increase and to occur in different times of the year Dario Treppiedi, Gabriele Villarini, Jens Bender et al.-Regionally optimized fire parameterizations using feed-forward neural networks Yoo-Geun Ham, Seung-Ho Nam, Geun-Hyeong Kang et al.-Can household water sharing advance water security? An integrative review of water entitlements and entitlement failures
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    Scopus© Citations 6
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    The ideological profile of the technocratic citizen
    (Wiley, 2024-06-14) ;
    Caramani, Daniele
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    Koedam, Jelle
    A certain type of citizen holds technocratic views. They favour pragmatic problem solving through scientific and technical expertise, and reject party politics for being harmful to the common good. Yet, empirical evidence on the ideological profile of these citizens is fragmented and inconclusive. Using an original survey in Western Europe, Australia and the United States, we test predictions about the left−right alignment of citizens with technocratic attitudes on the economic and cultural dimensions of politics. We argue that technocracy is not antithetical to ideology and that citizens holding technocratic attitudes are not immune to ideological positions. Findings show that technocratic citizens are more economically left-wing than mainstream voters, contrary to common associations of technocracy with neoliberal economic principles. However, they are more centrist than populists. This highlights that, in addition to a representational challenge, technocracy mounts an ideological challenge to party-based representative democracy. In times of cumulative crises, which put democracies under stress with demands for competence and effectiveness, these findings offer insights about the appeal of alternative forms of representation.
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    Scopus© Citations 9
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    Conceptualizing and Measuring Support for Democracy: A New Approach
    (SAGE Publications, 2024-07-23)
    Claassen, Christopher
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    Ackermann, Kathrin
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    Borba, Lucas
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    Carlin, Ryan
    Much of what we know about public support for democracy is based on survey questions about "democracy," a term that varies in meaning across countries and likely prompts uncritically supportive responses. This paper proposes a new approach to measuring support for democracy. We develop a battery of 17 survey questions that cover all eight components of liberal democracy as defined by the V-Dem project. We then ask respondents from 19 national samples to evaluate these rights and institutions. We find considerable heterogeneity across countries in how our items cohere, especially in less developed contexts. Yet, those items that are more weakly connected with general support for liberal democracy tend to reveal the influence of political events and actors, arguably indicating weaknesses in political cultures. We further identify a concise subset of seven items that provide a reliable and valid measure of support for liberal democracy across our different samples.
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    Scopus© Citations 42
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    Bring in the experts? Citizen preferences for independent experts in political decision-making processes
    (Wiley, 2021-05-02)
    Do citizens welcome the involvement of independent experts in politics? Theoretical and empirical work so far provides conflicting answers to this question. On the one hand, citizens may demand expert involvement in political decision-making processes in order to ensure efficient and effective governance solutions. On the other hand, citizens can be distrustful of experts and reject the unaccountable and non-transparent nature of expertbased governance. This note investigates citizen preferences for the involvement of experts in different stages of political processes and across 'hard' and 'easy' political issues. Results show that, in the absence of explicit output information, respondents prefer independent experts over national elected representatives in the policy design and implementation stages, across political issues. For the crucial stage of decision making, respondents show no difference in their evaluation of processes that delegate decisions to experts or to elected representatives, with the exception of environmental policy, where expert decision making is preferred. These findings are relevant for ongoing discussions on how to incorporate independent experts in political decision making in a way that citizens find legitimate and on how to address increased citizen dissatisfaction with the representative democratic functions performed by political parties, governments and politicians.
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    Scopus© Citations 63
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    People Haven't Had Enough of Experts: Technocratic Attitudes among Citizens in Nine European Democracies
    (Wiley, 2020-08-20) ;
    Caramani, Daniele
    Political representation theory postulates that technocracy and populism mount a twofold challenge to party democracy, while also standing at odds with each other in the vision of representation they advocate. Can these relationships be observed empirically at the level of citizen preferences, and what does this mean for alternative forms of representation? The article investigates technocratic attitudes among citizens following three dimensions-expertise, elitism, and antipolitics-and, using latent class analysis, identifies citizen groups that follow a technocratic, populist, and party-democratic profile in nine European democracies. Results show that technocratic attitudes are pervasive and can be meaningfully distinguished from populist attitudes, though important overlaps remain. We investigate differences in demographics and political attitudes among citizen profiles that are relevant to political behavior and conclude by highlighting the role that citizens' increasing demands for expertise play in driving preferences for alternative types of governance Verification Materials: The data and materials required to verify the computational reproducibility of the results, procedures, and analyses in this article are available on the American
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    Scopus© Citations 162
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    Winners’ Restraint in Established Democracies: How far do winners’ have to go before rejecting political outcomes when democratic norm violations accumulate?
    (2023-06-24) ;
    Hannah Werner
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    Sofie Marien
    Recent concerns about democratic backsliding in established democracies have raised the question: Will citizens notice violations of democratic norms and reject political decisions that lead to their desired outcome? Existing studies paint a pessimistic picture, suggesting that citizens are unable to restrain themselves when on the winning side of political competition and to call out undemocratic behaviour for what it is. This paper investigates winners’ restraint in the UK. It adds to the literature on citizens’ ability to resist undemocratic practices by examining winners’ reaction to accumulating violations of democratic norms. Just as in the real world democratic erosion happens gradualy, we test whether citizens are responsive or become immune to repeated violations of democratic norms. Results show that, while double standards exist and winning is the main predictor for peoples’ perceived legitimacy of political decisions, citizens are sensitive to repeated norm violations. In two experimental studies, we investigate how far winners are willing to go before rejecting flawed processes, and find that a majority of winners change their perceptions of fairness and legitimacy when exposed to multiple flaws.
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