States and regional organizations like the European Union (EU) now cooperate in a variety of policy fields, including environment, trade, justice, and home affairs. Such policy cooperation provides external actors with a catalogue of options for imposing sanctions, meaning that sanctioning is no longer restricted to violations of purely political or economic norms. Noticeably, sectoral norms now play an increasingly large role. However, existing research tends to focus on the ineffectiveness of sanctions as primarily economic-coercion measures, and neglects to investigate also the determinants of the decision to sanction, or not, the violation of any internationally or bilaterally agreed norm. This research agenda argues for a multi-dimensional view on EU sanctioning. Given globalization and increasing transnational cooperation, it identifies the need for scholarship to respond to the externally and internally changing environment of EU policymaking. Based on a discussion of the implications of this transnationalized reality for EU sanctioning, it identifies promising avenues for future research.