Simon Liegl

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Eyes on the Leader: Gaze Behavior as a Cue for Follower Conscientiousness
(2025-11-29)
Simon Liegl
;
Thomas Maran
;
Marco Furtner
;
Pierre Sachse
A key to a leader's effectiveness lies in their ability to convey information about their traits and abilities to their followers by means of charismatic signaling. The traits followers might signal in turn have, however, not yet been observed. Focusing on one of the most salient and potent nonverbal behaviors and the most valued follower trait in the organizational context, we investigated the potential of eye-directed gaze behavior to signal follower conscientiousness. Using mobile eye-tracking we unobtrusively measured participants' gaze behavior in a naturalistic yet standardized leader-follower interaction. Our findings indicate conscientiousness to shape followers' eye-directed gaze behavior which, in turn, affects observers' impressions of conscientiousness. While other traits were also related to gaze behavior, they were not inferred from gaze. Importantly, more conscientious followers appear to specifically instrumentalize their gaze when speaking and direct it at the leader to support their own arguments. Thus, this study underscores the importance of investigating followers' signaling of their traits and abilities, identifies eye-directed gaze as a potential signal of conscientiousness, and further emphasizes the significance of gaze behavior as a particularly potent social cue in the organizational context.
Type:journal article
Journal:Journal of Applied Social Psychology
DOI:10.1111/jasp.70039
URI:https://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/handle/20.500.14171/124646
Scopus© Citations 1
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Eyes that Lead: The charismatic influence of gaze signaling on employee approval and extra-effort
(2024-10)
Simon Liegl
;
Thomas Maran
;
Sascha Kraus
;
Marco Furtner
;
Pierre Sachse
Charismatic leadership significantly influences organizational performance, with recent research emphasizing the pivotal role of leader behavior in conveying charisma to employees. In two studies we explore the underexplored concept of eye-directed gaze as a charismatic leadership signal and its impact on team leadership effectiveness. The first study employed mobile eye-tracking during interactive negotiations, while the second relied on observer reports in leader-follower groups. Consistently, our results indicate that leaders exhibiting more pronounced eye-directed gaze are perceived as charismatic, dominant, assertive, and competent by their employees. Furthermore, these leaders receive higher approval from their followers and inspire them to surpass performance expectations. In conclusion, our findings underscore the effectiveness of employing eye-directed gaze as a tactic for charismatic leadership, empowering leaders to amplify their influence and message reception within their teams.
Type:journal article
Journal:Journal of Business Research
DOI:10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114861
URI:https://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/handle/20.500.14171/122426
Scopus© Citations 7
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From self-report to behavior: Mapping charisma onto naturalistic gaze patterns
(2020-01)
Thomas Maran
;
Sebastian Moder
;
Marco Furtner
;
Theo Ravet-Brown
;
Simon Liegl
Type:journal article
Journal:Personality and Individual Differences
DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2019.109562
URI:https://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/handle/20.500.14171/122429
Scopus© Citations 13
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Entrepreneurial leadership: An experimental approach investigating the influence of eye contact on motivation
(2019-10-29)
Thomas Maran
;
Marco Furtner
;
Sascha Kraus
;
Simon Liegl
;
Paul Jones
Type:journal article
Journal:Journal of Small Business Strategy
URI:https://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/handle/20.500.14171/122427
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In the eye of a leader: Eye-directed gazing shapes perceptions of leaders' charisma
(2019-12)
Thomas Maran
;
Marco Furtner
;
Simon Liegl
;
Sascha Kraus
;
Pierre Sachse
Type:journal article
Journal:The Leadership Quarterly
DOI:10.1016/j.leaqua.2019.101337
URI:https://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/handle/20.500.14171/122428
Scopus© Citations 49

Simon Liegl

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