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    On the stickiness of local roots: Trajectories of top management team and board internationalization in four European countries
    (Academy of International Business, 2005-07-10) ;
    Owtscharov, Alexis
    ;
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    Doz, Yves
    ;
    Kiyak, Tunga
    This paper builds upon upper echelons and resource dependence perspectives and examines the composition by nationality of top management teams and boards in response to internal and external pressures arising from the internationalization process of multinational companies based in four European countries (Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the UK). Findings show that there are strong and significant positive links between firm internationalization and the internationalization of top management teams/boards, and that the relationship exhibits a non-linear, exponential form. Our findings suggest that although multinational firms strive to align top management team and board composition with the degree of firm internationalization, firms' responses to internationalization pressures appear to be more "sticky" at low and intermediate levels of internationalization, and firms step up the alignment of top management teams and boards at high levels of internationalization. Implications of the findings on firm internationalization dynamics are discussed.
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