Dingchen Ning
Title
M.A.
Last Name
Ning
First name
Dingchen
Email
dingchen.ning@unisg.ch
Phone
+41 71 224 7994
5 results
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Item type:Publication, The supply of cyber risk insurance(2024-08-29); ; Cyber risk losses are large and growing, yet the cyber insurance market is small. What constraints the insurance industry from providing larger capacity for cyber risk? We argue that while heavy tails and uncertain loss distribution of cyber risk require significant amounts of external contingent capital, the asymmetric information embedded in insuring cyber risk makes external capital prohibitively costly. Hence, risk financing of cyber insurers relies significantly on the internal capital which constraints its supply. We model the cyber insurance risk financing and then test our arguments empirically in the context of the US cyber insurance market. Using an exogenous shock of the non-US affiliated reinsurance tax treatment in 2017, we establish the causal inference that insurers primarily rely on the internal capital market to supply cyber risk insurance. Then, we test which of the features of cyber risk contribute to the cost of external capital and confirm that all of them play a significant role.Type:conference paper - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The supply of cyber risk insurance(2024-05-17); ; Cyber risk losses are large and growing, yet the cyber insurance market is small. What constraints the insurance industry from providing larger capacity for cyber risk? We argue that cyber risk is special in that it combines heavy tails, uncertain loss distribution, and asymmetric information. We model the implications of these risk features for risk financing and then test them empirically in the context of the US cyber insurance market. Using an exogenous shock of the non-US affiliated reinsurance tax treatment in 2017, we establish the causal inference that insurers primarily rely on the internal capital market to supply cyber risk insurance. Then, we test which of the features of cyber risk contribute to the cost of external capital and confirm that all of them play a significant role.Type:conference paper - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The supply of cyber risk insurance(2023-09-30); ; Cyber risk insurance has been introduced for more than two decades in the United States, yet the insurance market for cyber risk is tiny amounting to 1% ($6.5 billion) of premiums in the U.S. property-casualty insurance market in 2021. In this paper, we analyze what constrains the insurance industry from providing larger capacity. We argue that cyber risk is special in that it is both information-intensive to underwrite and heavy-tailed. It leads to the tension between the need to raise large amounts of external capital to finance heavy-tailed risks and the high compensation demanded by capital providers due to information frictions. Hence, the suppliers are large insurance groups with a deep internal capital market, and their capacity is constrained. We start by providing empirical evidence that the cyber risk insurance market is dominated by large insurance groups and that, compared to other types of insurance, cyber insurance relies heavily on the groups' internal capital market. Then, using an exogenous shock on the tax treatment of the non-U.S. affiliated reinsurance in 2017, we establish the causal inference that insurers primarily rely on the internal capital market to supply cyber risk insurance.Type:conference paper - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The supply of cyber risk insurance(2023-09-19); ; Cyber risk insurance has been introduced for more than two decades in the United States, yet the insurance market for cyber risk is tiny amounting to 1% ($6.5 billion) of premiums in the U.S. property-casualty insurance market in 2021. In this paper, we analyze what constrains the insurance industry from providing larger capacity. We argue that cyber risk is special in that it is both information-intensive to underwrite and heavy-tailed. It leads to the tension between the need to raise large amounts of external capital to finance heavy-tailed risks and the high compensation demanded by capital providers due to information frictions. Hence, the suppliers are large insurance groups with a deep internal capital market, and their capacity is constrained. We start by providing empirical evidence that the cyber risk insurance market is dominated by large insurance groups and that, compared to other types of insurance, cyber insurance relies heavily on the groups' internal capital market. Then, using an exogenous shock on the tax treatment of the non-U.S. affiliated reinsurance in 2017, we establish the causal inference that insurers primarily rely on the internal capital market to supply cyber risk insurance.Type:conference paper - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The supply of cyber risk insurance(2023-08-09); ; Cyber risk insurance has been introduced for more than two decades in the United States, yet the insurance market for cyber risk is tiny amounting to 1% ($6.5 billion) of premiums in the U.S. property-casualty insurance market in 2021. In this paper, we analyze what constrains the insurance industry from providing larger capacity. We argue that cyber risk is special in that it is both information-intensive to underwrite and heavy-tailed. It leads to the tension between the need to raise large amounts of external capital to finance heavy-tailed risks and the high compensation demanded by capital providers due to information frictions. Hence, the suppliers are large insurance groups with a deep internal capital market, and their capacity is constrained. We start by providing empirical evidence that the cyber risk insurance market is dominated by large insurance groups and that, compared to other types of insurance, cyber insurance relies heavily on the groups’ internal capital market. Then, using an exogenous shock on the tax treatment of the non-U.S. affiliated reinsurance in 2017, we establish the causal inference that insurers primarily rely on the internal capital market to supply cyber risk insurance.Type:conference paper